Tongcheng School: Short List
Fang Bao 方苞 (1668-1749) One of three main founders of the school. He seems to have been a born teacher, as his anthology and his key concept, yifa 義法, suggest. He went to prison in 1711 as a result of a literary inquisition against Dai Mingshi 戴名世, who was his friend.
Dai Mingshi 戴名世 (1654-1713) Ming Loyalist executed for anti-Manchu writings; he was also a visionary thinker who wanted to develop the craft of the essay as a tool for knowledge production. See Literati Identity and its Fictional Representations in Late Iimperial China, pp. 56, 264. See Rulin waishi chapter 35 for a literary suppression episode.
Xu Zongliang 徐宗亮 (1828-1904) (not shown in the pic; to be continued) Xu was a historian of Manchuria and author of a revisionist biography of Dai Mingshi. After serving as a secretary to Li Hongzhang and two other big figures, he was sent to Heilongjiang to inspect the border and spy on Russia. His historical examination of the area predicted Tsarist Russia's loss of territory to Japan.
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